BAROQUE ALTARPIECE OF LA CLERECÍA
30 minutes
The main altarpiece of the Church of La Clerecía is one of the most outstanding works of Spanish altarpiece art and the second largest in Salamanca, only surpassed by that of San Esteban. With its 22 meters in height, it impresses with its great monumentality and compositional balance. As a whole, it stands out both for its extraordinary artistic value and for its profound religious symbolism.
The plinth is made of marbles and jaspers, upon which six Solomonic columns decorated with vine leaves and bunches of grapes rise. These columns divide the central body into three sections. The Latin Fathers of the Church are represented in the side sections, while the central section houses the tabernacle or monstrance of the Blessed Sacrament, richly decorated and crowned by a dome. Above it is the relief of Pentecost, in relation to the dedication of the temple to the Holy Spirit. The attic contains the relief of Saint Ignatius drafting the Constitutions of the Society of Jesus, flanked by the royal coats of arms of Philip III and Margaret of Austria and by the Four Evangelists.
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The plinth is made of marbles and jaspers, upon which six Solomonic columns decorated with vine leaves and bunches of grapes rise. These columns divide the central body into three sections. The Latin Fathers of the Church are represented in the side sections, while the central section houses the tabernacle or monstrance of the Blessed Sacrament, richly decorated and crowned by a dome. Above it is the relief of Pentecost, in relation to the dedication of the temple to the Holy Spirit. The attic contains the relief of Saint Ignatius drafting the Constitutions of the Society of Jesus, flanked by the royal coats of arms of Philip III and Margaret of Austria and by the Four Evangelists.
Free visit price
- Individual - 6.00 €
- Grupos (Número mínimo: 8) - 5.00 €
The imposing complex formed by the Clerecía church and the Pontifical University was originally the Royal College of the Society of Jesus dedicated to the Holy Spirit. The Royal Jesuit College was founded at the beginning of the 17th century at the initiative of the kings of Spain, Philip III and Margaret of Austria. It began in 1617 and was under construction for more than one hundred and fifty years. The final result was a grandiose complex, considered a masterpiece of European Baroque.
After the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767, the building was divided into three parts. The church and sacristy were ceded to the Royal Clergy of San Marcos, from which its current name derives. The southern wing, organized around the community cloister, was ceded to Irish students. Today, that cloister houses the Vargas Zúñiga library, classrooms, and offices of the Pontifical University. The college, structured around the main cloister, with the General of Theology and other dependencies, became the seat of the Conciliar Seminary. Since 1940, the building has been the main headquarters of the Pontifical University of Salamanca. From an artistic perspective, the Church and the College are the most significant parts of this imposing architectural complex. Both spaces, along with the tour of the church towers (Scala Coeli), are open to tourist visits, offering visitors an enriching and unique experience.
The architect chosen to carry out the work was Juan Gómez de Mora, royal architect of Philip III. Gómez de Mora designed the plans between 1616-1618, on which other architects would later introduce modifications, with construction beginning in 1617. The works started with the Church, following the Jesuit typology of a nave with side chapels and a transept. Once the church was finished and consecrated in 1665, the interior decoration proceeded.
The church was endowed with ten altarpieces, among which the main altar stands out for its imposing dimensions and extraordinary quality. The structure of this altarpiece, a true Baroque masterpiece, was commissioned in 1673 to Juan Fernández, while the reliefs and sculptures were contracted separately with Juan Rodríguez, a disciple of Gregorio Fernández, and with Juan Peti. The magnificent gilding covering this altarpiece was completed in 1760, almost a century after the structure was finished. The altarpieces in the transept, dedicated to Saint Ignatius of Loyola and Saint Francis Xavier, respectively, are of the same style.
For some authors, this altarpiece constitutes a precedent and the starting point for Churrigueresque altarpieces and, more specifically, for the one in the Church of the Convent of San Esteban in Salamanca, a masterpiece by José de Churriguera.
After the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767, the building was divided into three parts. The church and sacristy were ceded to the Royal Clergy of San Marcos, from which its current name derives. The southern wing, organized around the community cloister, was ceded to Irish students. Today, that cloister houses the Vargas Zúñiga library, classrooms, and offices of the Pontifical University. The college, structured around the main cloister, with the General of Theology and other dependencies, became the seat of the Conciliar Seminary. Since 1940, the building has been the main headquarters of the Pontifical University of Salamanca. From an artistic perspective, the Church and the College are the most significant parts of this imposing architectural complex. Both spaces, along with the tour of the church towers (Scala Coeli), are open to tourist visits, offering visitors an enriching and unique experience.
The architect chosen to carry out the work was Juan Gómez de Mora, royal architect of Philip III. Gómez de Mora designed the plans between 1616-1618, on which other architects would later introduce modifications, with construction beginning in 1617. The works started with the Church, following the Jesuit typology of a nave with side chapels and a transept. Once the church was finished and consecrated in 1665, the interior decoration proceeded.
The church was endowed with ten altarpieces, among which the main altar stands out for its imposing dimensions and extraordinary quality. The structure of this altarpiece, a true Baroque masterpiece, was commissioned in 1673 to Juan Fernández, while the reliefs and sculptures were contracted separately with Juan Rodríguez, a disciple of Gregorio Fernández, and with Juan Peti. The magnificent gilding covering this altarpiece was completed in 1760, almost a century after the structure was finished. The altarpieces in the transept, dedicated to Saint Ignatius of Loyola and Saint Francis Xavier, respectively, are of the same style.
For some authors, this altarpiece constitutes a precedent and the starting point for Churrigueresque altarpieces and, more specifically, for the one in the Church of the Convent of San Esteban in Salamanca, a masterpiece by José de Churriguera.
In a church, the altarpiece is always the most significant movable work of art, the axis before which the most solemn and transcendental liturgical rites are celebrated. The main altarpiece of the Church of La Clerecía can be classified, without fear of error, as a masterpiece of Spanish altarpiece art. In terms of size, it is the second largest preserved in the city, only behind the one José de Churriguera built for the Church of San Esteban. With its 22 meters in height, it impresses with its monumentality.
The structure consists of a plinth, central body, and attic. It is set on a plinth of marble and jasper, on which rest six large Solomonic columns of giant order, a precedent for the Solomonic columns that the Churriguera family would later popularize. The columns divide the central body into three sections, with the central one being wider than the lateral ones. The shaft of the columns is decorated with vine leaves and bunches of grapes, symbols of the Eucharist.
In the lateral sections of the large central body, in turn divided into two tiers, are four large sculptures representing the Fathers of the Latin Church: Saint Gregory the Great, Saint Ambrose, Saint Augustine, and Saint Jerome. The central section is, at a symbolic level, the most important part of the altarpiece. The lower part is reserved for the grand exposition of the Blessed Sacrament. This is a large tabernacle with six Solomonic columns supporting a slender dome with a lantern, which evokes the dome of the church itself. These large monstrances are framed within the directives emanating from Trent, for the dissemination and devotion to the Sacrament of the Eucharist. Above the tabernacle, occupying the central part of the altarpiece, is the great relief of Pentecost, in relation to the temple's dedication to the Holy Spirit. It was Queen Margaret of Austria who arranged for the relief of the Coming of the Holy Spirit to be placed on the façade and in the main altarpiece of the temple.
A large entablature separates the central body of the altarpiece from the attic. In the central part of the attic, framed by large pilasters, appears the relief of Saint Ignatius drafting the Constitutions of the Company, inspired by the Virgin and in the presence of the Trinity. It is flanked by the coats of arms of Philip III and Margaret of Austria and by the Four seated Evangelists resting on the entablature.
The structure consists of a plinth, central body, and attic. It is set on a plinth of marble and jasper, on which rest six large Solomonic columns of giant order, a precedent for the Solomonic columns that the Churriguera family would later popularize. The columns divide the central body into three sections, with the central one being wider than the lateral ones. The shaft of the columns is decorated with vine leaves and bunches of grapes, symbols of the Eucharist.
In the lateral sections of the large central body, in turn divided into two tiers, are four large sculptures representing the Fathers of the Latin Church: Saint Gregory the Great, Saint Ambrose, Saint Augustine, and Saint Jerome. The central section is, at a symbolic level, the most important part of the altarpiece. The lower part is reserved for the grand exposition of the Blessed Sacrament. This is a large tabernacle with six Solomonic columns supporting a slender dome with a lantern, which evokes the dome of the church itself. These large monstrances are framed within the directives emanating from Trent, for the dissemination and devotion to the Sacrament of the Eucharist. Above the tabernacle, occupying the central part of the altarpiece, is the great relief of Pentecost, in relation to the temple's dedication to the Holy Spirit. It was Queen Margaret of Austria who arranged for the relief of the Coming of the Holy Spirit to be placed on the façade and in the main altarpiece of the temple.
A large entablature separates the central body of the altarpiece from the attic. In the central part of the attic, framed by large pilasters, appears the relief of Saint Ignatius drafting the Constitutions of the Company, inspired by the Virgin and in the presence of the Trinity. It is flanked by the coats of arms of Philip III and Margaret of Austria and by the Four seated Evangelists resting on the entablature.